Abstract
We experimentally verified the depth perception and accommodation-convergence conflict in viewing integral photography. For comparison, the same measurements were performed with binocular stereoscopic images and real objects. First, the depth perception in viewing an integral three-dimensional (3D) target was measured at three display resolutions: 153, 229, and 458 ppi. The results showed that the depth perception was dependent on the display resolution. The results were also evaluated in a statistical test at a significance level of 5%. The results showed that the recognized depth perception ranges were 180, 240, and 330 mm when the display resolutions were 153, 229, and 458 ppi, respectively. The results were also analyzed in terms of image resolution. This suggested that depth perception occurred at over 1.0 cpd. The accommodation and convergence responses in viewing an integral 3D target displayed on a 3D display with 458 ppi were measured using PowerRef 3. The experimental results were evaluated with a multiple comparison test. It was found that 6 of the 10 observers did not have an accommodation-convergence conflict when viewing the integral 3D target inside and outside the depth of field. In conclusion, integral photography can provide a natural 3D image that looks like a real object.
Highlights
Binocular stereoscopic three-dimensional (S3D) methods are popular in movies
The results show that depth perception was dependent on the display resolution
The subjective evaluation was carried out with three different display resolutions to clarify the image resolution dependency on depth perception, and indicated that the image resolution had to be more than 1.0 cpd to provide depth perception for the integral 3D (I3D) target
Summary
Binocular stereoscopic three-dimensional (S3D) methods are popular in movies. In the S3D method, parallax images are input to the eyes of the viewer, so special glasses, lenticular lens, or other such mechanism are required for presenting different images to the left and right eyes. The parallax enables stereoscopic vision; the convergence reaction of the viewer is consistent with the depth position of the S3D target. Integral photography is a promising way to display threedimensional (3D) optical images by reproducing the same light rays as emitted from real objects.[2] This method duplicates the conditions of viewing real objects. The accommodation and convergence responses have been predicted to be consistent with the depth position of the 3D target. The accommodation response to I3D displays has been theoretically analyzed by many researchers.[3,4,5] The reports indicate that satisfying the super multiview (SMV) condition is the most important requirement for obtaining a proper accommodation response.
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