Abstract
The Simultaneous Vision simulator (SimVis) is a visual demonstrator of multifocal lens designs for prospective intraocular lens replacement surgery patients and contact lens wearers. This programmable device employs a fast tunable lens and works on the principle of temporal multiplexing. The SimVis input signal is tailored to mimic the optical quality of the multifocal lens using the theoretical SimVis temporal profile, which is evaluated from the through-focus Visual Strehl ratio metric of the multifocal lens. In this paper, for the first time, focimeter-verified on-bench validations of multifocal simulations using SimVis are presented. Two steps are identified as being critical to accurate SimVis simulations. Firstly, a new iterative approach is presented that improves the accuracy of the theoretical SimVis temporal profile for three different multifocal intraocular lens designs - diffractive trifocal, refractive segmented bifocal, and refractive extended depth of focus, while retaining a low sampling. Secondly, a fast focimeter is used to measure the step response of the tunable lens, and the input signal is corrected to include the effects of the transient behavior of the tunable lens. It was found that the root-mean-square of the difference between the estimated through-focus Visual Strehl ratio of the multifocal lens and SimVis is not greater than 0.02 for all the tested multifocal designs.
Highlights
Ophthalmic corrections based on simultaneous vision [1] provide two or more optical powers, at the same time, to patients suffering from presbyopia [2], which is the age-related loss of crystalline lens accommodation
The proposed iterative method of evaluating the theoretical Simultaneous Vision simulator (SimVis) temporal profile provides a strong platform for the practical demonstration of any multifocal design with SimVis
The fast focimeter device facilitates the measurement of the time characteristics of the tunable lens by using a fast camera and the prism-induced lateral separation of the addressed multiple foci
Summary
Ophthalmic corrections based on simultaneous vision [1] provide two or more optical powers, at the same time, to patients suffering from presbyopia [2], which is the age-related loss of crystalline lens accommodation. With multifocal contact and intraocular lens corrections, the incident light rays arriving from far and near distances are simultaneously imaged on the retina. Multifocal intraocular lenses (M-IOLs) are implanted in premium cataract surgery or to correct presbyopia in a refractive clear lens exchange. Multifocal contact lenses (M-CLs) are used to correct presbyopia in presbyopic patients, and to control myopia progression in young myopes [3,4,5]. The state-of-the-art multifocal lenses can be divided into three major classes based on their energy distribution as a function of distance: bifocal, trifocal, and extended depth of focus (EDOF). Their design can be pure diffractive, pure refractive or hybrid diffractive-refractive. Refractive designs are either smooth or segmented radially or angularly
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