Abstract
The modern power grid is being used under operating conditions of increasing stress, giving rise to grid stability issues. One of these stability issues is the phenomenon of inter-area oscillations. Simulations have demonstrated the advantages of Wide-area Measurement Signals (WAMS)-based Oscillation Damping Controls in achieving improved electromechanical mode damping compared to traditional, local signal-based Power System Stabilizers (PSS). This work takes an existing Phasor-based oscillation damping (POD) algorithm and uses it to implement a proof-of-concept, wide-area, real-time controller on National Instruments hardware. The developed prototype is tested in a real-time Hardware-in-the-loop setup (RT-HIL) using OPAL-RT's eMEGASIM real-time simulation platform and synchrophasor data from actual Phasor Measurement Units (PMUs). The prototype and experiments provide insight into the feasibility and real-world limitations of wide-area controls. Further, it is demonstrated how the proposed control architecture has applications independent of the controlled power system device. Challenges faced, the solutions implemented together with the present prototype's limitations are also discussed.
Highlights
The purpose of interconnecting disparate power networks was to increase stability, power systems have to cope with increasing injection of renewable energy sources through constrained power trading corridors, which may impact system stability
Traditional controller design for synchronous generators and Flexible AC Transmission System (FACTS) devices depend on accurate system models at a specific operating condition
Identifying system oscillation modes and designing appropriate dampers is based on small signal and linear analysis techniques applied to power system models has inherent limitations
Summary
The purpose of interconnecting disparate power networks was to increase stability, power systems have to cope with increasing injection of renewable energy sources through constrained power trading corridors, which may impact system stability. Identifying system oscillation modes and designing appropriate dampers is based on small signal and linear analysis techniques applied to power system models has inherent limitations. These models are often difficult to derive and maintain for large and inter-connected power systems [14], limiting their accuracy in representing the real grid. Compared to conventional controllers designed using linearisation-based methods, the adoption of phasor-based controllers has not been common mainly due to the fact that such controllers tend to be highly non-linear and difficult to, both, model in simulation studies [16] and implement in real-time applications [2]
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