Abstract
Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) subjected to external heat may be prone to failure and cause catastrophic safety issues. In this work, experiments were conducted to investigate the influence of discharge current on the thermal runaway process under thermal abuse. The calibrated external heat source (20 W) and discharge currents from 1 to 6 A were employed to match the thermal abuse conditions in an operational state. The results indicated that the key parameters during the failure process, such as the total mass loss, the onset temperatures of safety venting and thermal runaway, and the peak temperature, are ultimately determined by the capacity inside the battery, and the discharge current can hardly change it. However, discharge currents can produce extra energy to accelerate the thermal runaway process. Compared with the battery in an open circuit, the onset time of thermal runaway was reduced by 7.4% at 6 A discharge. To quantify the effect of discharge current, the total heat generation by discharge current was calculated. The results show that a heat generation of 1.6 kJ was produced when the battery was discharged at 6 A, which could heat the cell to 34 °C (neglect of heat loss). This study simulates the failure process of the LIB in the operational state, which is expected to help the safety application of LIB and improve the reliability of the battery management system.
Highlights
Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) have become a promising choice for various electrical equipment, due to their high energy density, minimal memory effect, excellent cycle life, and continually reducing cost [1,2]
The thermal property of the battery components in a high-temperature environment has been investigated by thermal analysis tools such as accelerating rate calorimetry (ARC) [6,7], C80 calorimetry [8], vent size packet 2 (VSP2) adiabatic calorimetry [9,10,11], and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) [12], and the internal reaction during the thermal runaway process was identified
The thermal response of the LIB during the failure process can be roughly divided into four stages
Summary
Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) have become a promising choice for various electrical equipment, due to their high energy density, minimal memory effect, excellent cycle life, and continually reducing cost [1,2]. Thermal runaway is one of the most catastrophic battery failure phenomena, which refers to the uncontrollable exothermic chain reaction cause by a battery self-heating and is often accompanied by smoke generation, jet fire, or explosion [5]. Various combustion tests [13] have been conducted to explore the fire hazards and damage power of LIBs. Wang et al [14] performed full-scale tests to investigate the combustion behavior of the LIB during the failure process. All the aforementioned studies were conducted with the electrically isolated LIBs, while the thermal behaviors of the batteries in the operational state were rarely investigated
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