Abstract
This study investigated the influence of salinity on the spreading behavior of oil at varying temperatures on a calm sea surface through a series of experiments involving the spreading of silicone oil on saline water sublayers with salinities of 0, 5, 10, and 20 ppt (parts per thousand, equivalent to 1‰) across a range of temperatures from 5 to 35 °C. Real-time observations were made of the oil's morphology from both top and side perspectives. The top-view area of the oil slick was not only recorded, but also the side-view morphology of the oil slick was tracked and photographed during the whole process, and the dynamic process of the angle and thickness was measured. The results indicate that higher temperatures and salinity levels increase spreading area. The stable angle was determined by considering three-phase surface tension and Neumann’s rule. The stabilized thickness based on the angle is derived by combining capillary pressure analysis and the Young-Laplace equation. A dynamic thickness model was developed based on force analysis, primarily relying on differential pressure force and surface tension. This study offers valuable theoretical insights to aid in predicting the oil spread thickness of oil spills in various sea regions.
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