Experimental study on the optimal spur dike shape under downward seepage

Abstract

ABSTRACT The successful stabilization of riverbanks and the construction of sustainable foundations, extensive knowledge of the scour process and accurate assessment of scour depth around spur dikes are required. This study focuses on optimizing the spur dike shape to manage flow turbulence effectively and minimize local scour while considering the impact of downward seepage. The investigation was conducted within an experimental flume featuring a mobile bed under a clear water regime and the provision for downward seepage. The investigation concentrated on three distinct spur dike shapes (T, L, and rectangular) under different seepage velocities (V S1 and V S2) and a no-seepage condition. The current study also illustrates changes in bed morphology, temporal evolution and longitudinal profile of scour depth with and without downward seepage. The results reveal that the downward seepage intensifies the motion of sediment particles, and more seepage leads to an escalated particle detachment, resulting in deeper scour depressions. The T-shaped spur dikes exhibited the lowest scour depths compared to the other shapes, both with and without seepage. The negative impact on velocity and RSS magnitude was observed at the near channels bed where maximum scour depth was achieved. This phenomenon is closely linked to horseshoe vortices’ formation and current generation. These factors play a pivotal role in the detachment of particles from the base of the structure.