Experimental Study on the Influence of Humidity on Double-K Fracture Toughness and Fracture Energy of Concrete under Water Environment

Abstract

Saturated concrete is significantly different from dry concrete in fracture mechanical properties. Using the wedge-splitting tensile method to research the rule of change in moisture content, double-K fracture toughness and fracture energy of three strength grades (C20, C30, and C40) of concrete immersed in a free water environment for 0 h, 2 h, 5 h, 24 h, and 120 h were studied in order to provide support for the safety evaluation of concrete structures in a water environment. The initial cracking fracture toughness of C20, C30, and C40 concrete in saturated state were, respectively, 29.6%, 23.2%, and 33.4% lower than that in dry state. The unstable fracture toughness of C20, C30, and C40 concrete in saturated state were, respectively, 22.7%, 23.9% and 33.8% lower than that in dry state. The fracture energy of C20, C30, and C40 concrete in saturated state are only 71.99%, 70.29%, and 66.11% of that in dry state, respectively. The initial cracking fracture toughness and unstable fracture toughness of concrete all show a linear, decreasing trend with an increase in moisture content. Before the crack initiation, the measured P–CMOD curve had an obvious linear elastic stage, stable expansion stage, and unstable expansion stage. The critical crack opening displacement gradually decreases with an increase in moisture content; the deformation capacity and toughness of concrete are shown to decrease. The humidity state should be fully considered when evaluating the fracture mechanical properties of concrete.