Abstract
The effects of the steel bar direction, steel bar anchorage length, and incorporation of recycled sand and fibre on the bond behaviour of 3D printed concrete specimens were investigated with pull-out tests. The steel bar was placed and covered by multiple printed concrete layers in this study. Compared with mould-cast concrete specimens, the bond failure pattern was similar when the steel bar was pulled out for the 3D printed concrete specimen. However, because the 3D printed concrete specimens had multiple internal interfaces, the probability of splitting failure was higher, and the failure patterns were clearly different. In general, the bond strengths of the 3D printed concrete specimens were lower than those of mould-cast specimens, and there were differences in the bond strength when the steel bars were placed in various directions. Moreover, the modified bond strength model proposed in this study agrees well with the test results and can be used to predict the bond strength between steel bars and 3D printed concrete.
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