Abstract
Abstract Clustering stud shear connectors with minimized spacing based on specifications to form group studs are useful for concrete slab prefabrication and prestress installation efficiency in steel-concrete composite bridges. To date, many long-span composite bridge girders have been designed with wide transverse cantilevers and web spacing, and most of these girders use group studs. The concrete’s self-weight and the weight of moving loads result in a significant transverse bending-induced effect generally consisting of bending stresses and tensile concrete cracks. In this sense, the studs are actually under longitudinal interlayer shear force that is influenced by the transverse bending-induced effect. This biaxial loading effect has not been investigated experimentally. Thus, standard and newly designed push-out tests and corresponding analyses were carried out. In addition, the stud arrangement effect also was of concern. In this study, the ratio of stud height to shank diameter was approximately 6....
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