Abstract
Settlement of surface structures due to subsoil liquefaction is a big issue in geotechnical engineering. It has been happening during earthquakes in liquefaction-prone areas for many years. Mitigations have been proposed for this problem. The improved soil slabs and vertical mixing soil walls combined with lowering ground water levels (GWLs) were proposed in this study. Experiments were carried out by adopting a 1-g shaking table test. Two different soil densities with uniform and eccentric loads were included. Combined with lowering GWLs, three different soil slabs with a length of 40, 60 and 80 cm and two different mixing walls with soil and plastic were studied and compared. Results show that the horizontal soil slabs have good performance to reduce the settlement of structures. On the other hand, the vertical soil mixing walls did not reduce the settlement effectively, but its performance could be improved by lowering of GWLs.
Highlights
Liquefaction is a phenomenon which was first documented after the 1908 San Francisco earthquake [1]
The idea of the improved soil slab under the structure is to increase the cohesion of the soil and create an additional non-liquefiable layer
To mitigate liquefaction-induced settlement and tilting of structures, the improvement soil slabs and soil mixing walls combined with lowering ground water levels (GWLs) were proposed and investigated
Summary
Liquefaction is a phenomenon which was first documented after the 1908 San Francisco earthquake [1]. More than 50 years later in 1964 two big earthquakes in Niigata, Japan and Alaska induced huge settlements to structures triggered by liquefaction, and the research to understand this phenomenon has become more important. Yoshimi and Tokimatsu [2] found and explained the basic mechanism behind the liquefaction through shaking table tests. It is shown that the liquefaction starts when the excess pore water pressure reaches the same value as the total stress in the same point. The soil has zero bearing capacity, and it behaves like a fluid more than soil [3]. To stop or lower the damage caused by liquefaction effectively, mitigations should be investigated and adopted
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