Abstract
A detailed experimental study on the evolution process of charged liquid deformation and breakup in another immiscible liquid from a capillary channel was conducted at micro-scale. By means of high-speed microscopy technique, various liquid spray modes and droplet formation processes were illustrated in detail at different flow rates and voltages. The effects of Reynolds (Re) and electric Bond (BoE) number on droplet size distribution were analyzed. It was found that droplet sizes rose with increasing Re while declined with increasing BoE. The experimental results show that electric field could promote interfacial area through decreasing interfacial tension to augment mass transfer between immiscible liquids at low flow rates. Besides, liquid spray experienced drip, deformation, breakup and jet modes with the increase of flow rate and electric potential. A critical Re of 170 was obtained beyond which electric field had little effect on liquid dynamic behaviors.
Highlights
Liquid dispersed into another immiscible fluid find many applications in the industrial process, such as emulsification and extraction
With the rise of electric field strength E, single droplet regime disappears while other special breakup regimes could be found
In the present study, an experimental investigation is conducted to investigate the effect of electric field on the dynamic behavior of ethanol liquid injection surrounded by another immiscible soybean oil fluid
Summary
Liquid dispersed into another immiscible fluid find many applications in the industrial process, such as emulsification and extraction. Traditional methods of agitation and high pressure mixture are usually high energy consumption, which has driven the need for developing novel and effective technological approaches. Novel method such as electric field is regarded to be promising technologies that could play an important role in liquid dispersion to augment interfacial heat and mass transfer (Seyed-Yagoobi and Bryan, 1999). It is known that liquid droplet subjected to an external electric field could accumulate electric charges on its surface due to the conductivity of the liquid and the droplet would deform and breakup into small droplets when the total charges on the droplet surface reaches Rayleigh limit (Rayleigh, 1882). Liquid under electric field could deform and disintegrate into small droplets, forming uniform droplet size distribution and large interfacial area between immiscible liquids
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