Abstract
Biodiesel is regarded as the most promising renewable biofuel which can satisfy the worldwide energy demand through its robust net energy output with less impact on environment and also an effective alternative or supplement for existing diesel fuel for powering Compression Ignition engines. This present study aims to compare the performance, combustion and emission characteristics of beef tallow biodiesel with its dominant fatty acid esters and their influence on these characteristics. Ethyl stearate, ethyl palmitate and ethyl oleate were identified as dominant fatty acid esters available in a composition of 14.78, 37.36 and 25.17%, respectively. Two set of samples were prepared for testing purpose and were classified as (i) blend samples and (ii) ester samples, with plain diesel as base fuel. The maximum cylinder pressure was found to be in the range between 67 and 71 bar for all the samples and heat release rate was found to be highest for B20 blend. Slight decrease in efficiency along with marginal increase in fuel consumption was a result of long chained fatty acid esters (stearate and oleate esters) whereas increase in CO2 emission and decrease in NOX emission were because of higher oxygen content, cetane number and degree of unsaturation in the ester molecule.
Highlights
Increase in demand for energy to satisfy the need for modernization of world has resulted in the depletion of fossil fuel reserve along with increased global temperature and anthropogenic climate change (Schirone and Pellitteri, 2017; Senthil et al, 2016)
The main purpose of this study is to develop an understanding of PCE characteristics of biodiesel produced from waste beef tallow rendered from leather fleshing waste and animal slaughter houses and compare with PCE characteristics of their dominant fatty acid esters, namely ethyl stearate, ethyl palmitate and ethyl oleate to understand their influence during the combustion of beef tallow biodiesel in CI engine
The comparative study related to the PCE characteristics between biodiesel from beef tallow and their dominant fatty acids esters has been carried out and their influence in the combustion process has been analysed
Summary
Increase in demand for energy to satisfy the need for modernization of world has resulted in the depletion of fossil fuel reserve along with increased global temperature and anthropogenic climate change (Schirone and Pellitteri, 2017; Senthil et al, 2016) This present global scenario has risked the inventory of fossil fuel resources and has pushed the planet to rely on renewable energy resources. Biodiesel is one such promising renewable biofuel which is known for its environmental friendliness, self-sustainability, low toxicity, high biodegradability and improvised combustibility along with reduced emission of hydrocarbons, CO, SO2, polycyclic aromatic HC, nitric polycyclic aromatic HC and particulate matter (PM) (Dhiraj et al, 2012; Srinivasan and Jambulingam, 2018a). Supercritical transesterification (Demirbas, 2009), ultrasonic, microwave-assisted transesterification reaction (O€zcimen and Yu€cel, 2011) have been proven to be sustainable methods for improvising the reaction rate and biodiesel yield with higher performance and efficiency
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