Experimental study on environment-friendly concrete production incorporating palm oil clinker and cockle shell powder as cement partial replacement

Abstract

The demand for civil construction has increased recently; cement is now the most produced and consumed material globally. The carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions are strongly influenced by the cement industry which make up 5 to 7% total global emissions, are ejaculating at a rate of one ton of CO2 for every ton of cement produced. Consequently, additional cementitious substances like palm oil clinker powder (POCP), a by-product of palm oil mills and cockle shell powder (CSP), an agricultural and aquaculture byproduct derived from cockle shell combustion, can beemployed as partially binding materialto alleviate the ecologicalfootprint of cement manufacturing. By substituting cement in different weight ratios ranging from 0 to 20%, this study examines the impacts of POCP and CSP on concrete. Concrete compressive strength, flexural strength and water absorption of varying POCP and CSP proportions for 7 and 28 days of curing are analyzed in the experimental investigation. Thisresearch demonstrated that samples with 10% cement substitution, comprising 5% POCP and 5% CSP, performed well in terms of mechanical aspects and water absorption. The study of concrete structures with POCP and CSP is a novel and important scientific topic, according to the research findings, and it should be emphasized.