Abstract
Photovoltaic (PV) modules require solar radiation to generate electricity. This study aims to determine the effect of water cooling PV modules on heat transfer, output power, and electrical efficiency of PV modules. The experiments carried out in this study were to vary the heights of flooded water (with and without cooling water replacement control) and cooling water flow. Variations in the height of flooded water are 0,5 cm, 1 cm, 2 cm, and 4 cm. While the flow rate variations are 2 L/min, 4 L/min, and 8 L/min. The flooded water replacement control will be active when the PV surface temperature reached 45°C. When the temperature dropped to 35°C, the cooler is disabled to let more photon to reach PV surface. The results showed that the lowest heat transfer occurred in the variation of 4 cm flooded water height without water replacement control, i.e. 28.53 Watt, with an average PV surface temperature of 32.92°C. The highest average electric efficiency occurred in the variation of 0,5 cm flooded water height with water replacement control, i.e. 13.12%. The use of cooling water replacement control is better due to being able to skip more photons reach PV surface with low PV temperature.
Highlights
The photovoltaic (PV) module is one of the most popular renewable energy products today
Whereas in the variation of PV module cooling, the highest average radiation intensity occurred in the variation of flooded water without replacement of cooling water was 730 W/m2, at 4 cm flooded water height
Based on the results of testing on PV cooling module with variation of flooded height and variation of coolant flow discharge, it can be concluded that: 1. The use of height variation of 4 cm flooded water without water replacement control resulted in smallest average heat transfer value to environment about 28,53 Watt
Summary
The photovoltaic (PV) module is one of the most popular renewable energy products today. Only 15% of solar radiation can be converted into electrical energy, while the rest is heat on the PV surface. The amount of solar radiation that passes through the glass filter drops significantly due to the low glass transmissivity of 70% In this experiment, the water filter is used to keep the surface temperature and keep passing the radiation waves required by PV. For silicon PV cells, only photons with wavelengths below 1.1 μm can produce a photovoltaic effect, the rest will be converted to heat (phonon) and increase the surface temperature of PV cells [4]. It is expected that PV surface temperature can be kept low and electrical efficiency and output power in the PV module can increase
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