Abstract
We study experimentally the longitudinal and transverse wakefields driven by a highly relativistic proton bunch during self-modulation in plasma. We show that the wakefields' growth and amplitude increase with increasing seed amplitude as well as with the proton bunch charge in the plasma. We study transverse wakefields using the maximum radius of the proton bunch distribution measured on a screen downstream from the plasma. We study longitudinal wakefields by externally injecting electrons and measuring their final energy. Measurements agree with trends predicted by theory and numerical simulations and validate our understanding of the development of self-modulation. Experiments were performed in the context of the Advanced Wakefield Experiment (AWAKE).
Highlights
We study transverse wakefields using the maximum radius of the proton bunch distribution measured on a screen downstream from the plasma
Wakefields are excited when, e.g., a relativistic particle bunch interacts with plasma; their amplitude depends on the bunch and plasma parameters
To design experiments based on this acceleration scheme—with potential applications for high-energy physics [10]— understanding the development of the SM of a charged particle bunch along the plasma is important
Summary
We study transverse wakefields using the maximum radius of the proton bunch distribution measured on a screen downstream from the plasma. We measure the time-integrated, transverse distribution of the self-modulated proton bunch downstream from the plasma exit [15].
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