Abstract
The small forward-curved blades known as Sirocco fan units are very common and widespread solution for air conditioning used in public transportation applications, as buses or trains. The users quietness and comfort have become a main concerns in the automotive industry. For such kind of turbomachinery flow , the patterns becomes always highly 3D and unsteady, compromising the referred comfort, and setting the focus on the working flow variables. A mathematically exact solution for that flow, which would provide any required information on pressure or forces, is out of scope at the current engineering design processes. Nevertheless, some flow features and mechanical data are needed to progress in the frame of a modern industrial environment, involving maintenance protocols with important temporal and economic constraints for different design procedures. The correctness of a given maintenance protocol relies on its feasibility to handle a set of machine working parameters or variables, including a number of them as wide as possible. Doing so, a set of not-dangerous ranges for them can be established. Such ranges are often defined promoting a series of failures similar to real ones, when the machine is in its operative lifetime. In this paper and in order to establish proper working ranges for maintenance purposes, a series of failures have been experimentally tested for a Sirocco fan unit. Initially, real data from industry have been required and a list of main failures was made, including (1) impeller or rotor unbalance, (2) impeller channel obstruction and (3) blocked inlet. The failures are studied using a purified orbit diagram (POD) technique and a symmetrized dot pattern (SDP) technique. All four working conditions are studied for at least three different flow rates and, therefore, a deeper insight into the fan working parameters and options are made feasible. In the frame of the maintenance protocol, a full set of ranges for the considered failures has been obtained. Therefore, the present paper shows a novel possibility to enhance existing maintenance protocol using two advanced frequency-based techniques.
Highlights
Squirrel cage or Sirocco fans are centrifugal turbomachines with forward-curved blades
The Purified Orbit Diagram (POD) results are considered, the Symmetric Dot Pattern (SDP) is analyzed, and a global remark is done on a crosscomparison basis of the two methods
The final comparisons, and more relevant in terms of fan operation and fault diagnosis, are the graphs showing the results for the same flow rate and different operation conditions
Summary
Squirrel cage or Sirocco fans are centrifugal turbomachines with forward-curved blades. Failure characteristics or diagnostic indexes cannot be defined quantitatively, but other failure characteristics are clearly observed, as explained in Shi et al.[16] On the other hand, the Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) has been established as the standard method to obtain the corresponding spectra revealing its composition in the frequency domain, see examples in Lu et al.[14] and Shi et al.[16] some other methods are available in the literature, see for instance Shibata et al.[17] and Bianchi et al.,[18] and may be considered as relevant tools Combining both methodologies (numerical and experimental), a study about the flow in a forward-curved centrifugal fan was proposed by Lin and Huang.[6] Focusing on the thermal performance of small units used for cooling purposes in personal computers, they provide a quite ambitious parametric study of the aerodynamic and sound properties of different geometries, both experimentally and numerically. The following equations are considered to obtain the horizontal and vertical component of the orbit diagram, according to the equation
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