Abstract
ABSTRACT Objective To evaluate the effects of photodynamic therapy (PDT) on the dura mater using the photosensitizers aluminum chloride phthalocyanine and methylene blue in in vivo assays. Methods Fifty-six male Wistar rats were divided into two groups; one submitted to PDT and the other submitted to the photosensitizers without their photoactivation (control). The photosensitizers were applied to the dura mater after laminectomy at the T10 level. The methods used for assessment were the Basso, Beattie and Bresnahan (BBB) functional evaluation scale and study of the dura mater by light microscopy. Results No changes in motor activity were observed in the animals submitted to PDT compared to control. Histological and pathological evaluation did not show any differences between the group exposed to activated photosensitizers and the control group with regard to the inflammatory process and tissue necrosis. Conclusion The joint use of PDT with the photosensitizing pharmaceuticals aluminum chloride phthalocyanine and methylene blue did not induce any clinical neurotoxic effects or histological changes in the dura mater of the animals studied. Level de evidence V; Expert Opnion.
Highlights
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a promising treatment for cancer and non-oncological diseases.[1,2,3,4] It combines a photosensitizer drug (PS, organic dye) with visible light irradiation in the range of the electromagnetic spectrum of appropriate wavelength, and oxygen, each of which alone is harmless
To test whether new therapeutic strategies can significantly induce a biological response in the dura mater, we investigated the photodynamic activity of Aluminum chloride phthalocyanine (AICIPc) and/or Methylene blue (MB) loaded into an oil/water nanoemulsion (AICIPc/NE, MB/NE and AICIPc + MB/NE) on dura mater tissue
The effects of photodynamic therapy (PDT) on the dura mater after T10 laminectomy were analyzed according to the following criteria: a) neurological signs and symptoms, b) quantity of necrotic tissue, and c) quantity of inflammatory cells, comparing the experimental group to the control group
Summary
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a promising treatment for cancer and non-oncological diseases.[1,2,3,4] It combines a photosensitizer drug (PS, organic dye) with visible light irradiation in the range of the electromagnetic spectrum of appropriate wavelength, and oxygen, each of which alone is harmless. The photodynamic effect produces reactive oxygen species (ROS), which function as lethal cytotoxic agents that inactivate tumor cells, bacteria and other living species. The photosensitizer drug is preferentially absorbed by the desired tissue, and the light irradiation is limited to a specific region. This confers dual selectivity to the PDT technique. With the aim of improving PDT efficacy by increasing diseased tissue penetration, researchers have developed the second generation of PS drugs, phthalocyanine being the main representative of this generation.[10,11] The preclinical application of such drugs has seen a significant rise in many fields in the last decade
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