Abstract
The aim of the experiment was to study the anti-inflammatory effect of the novogalene agent Ledum 50, obtained from Ledum palustre shoots, in a rat model of acute bronchitis.
 Materials and methods. Acute bronchitis was initiated by endotracheal administration of 1 % formalin solution. The effectiveness of Ledum 50 was investigated by the number of leukocytes and cell composition in isotonic BAL solution after 24 hours and after 8 days of the experiment. Serum levels of C-reactive protein (CRP), alkaline phosphatase (AP) and CIC were determined. Histological examination of the lungs was carried out.
 Results. Endotracheal injection of formalin caused irritation of the trachea and bronchi, excessive formation of bronchial secretions (heavy breathing, wheezing) in all the studied groups. The lethality of animals in the OB group on the 3rd day of the experiment (1 rat) was recorded, in the studied groups there was no death. The level of leukocytes in BAL after 24 hours exceeded the index of the IC group by 9.63 times (p<0.05), after 8 days – by 3.0 times (p<0.05). In the cellular composition of BAL, there was a significant increase in granulocytes (rod- and segmented neutrophils, eosinophils), monocytes and a decrease in the lymphocyte population against the IC group. Such changes were verified in the long term (8 days of the experiment), which indicates an inflammatory process.
 In the group of rats that received Ledum 50, leukocytes in the BAL significantly decreased, the number of monocytes and lymphocytes in the BAL decreased, the amount of CIC in the blood serum, CRP and AP normalized. In terms of effectiveness, Ledum 50 significantly exceeded the BAL values of the reference drug. The effectiveness of experimental therapy for acute bronchitis was also verified by studying the histostructure of the airways and the respiratory part of the lungs.
 Conclusions. Studies confirm the favorable course of acute bronchitis with Ledum 50 monotherapy. This fact is confirmed by the results of normalization of hematological parameters, leukocytes and BAL cell composition after 7 days of treatment with the claimed agent. This is the basis for further preclinical and clinical studies with the aim of creating an oral drug for the treatment of acute bronchitis.
Highlights
Acute bronchitis (AB) is characterized by acute inflammation of the trachea and large bronchi without signs of pneumonia
Endotracheal administration of 1 % formalin solution causes bronchopulmonary inflammation, which changes the histostructure of the lungs and bronchi on day 8 corresponds to the picture of acute toxic bronchitis
Its maximum severity was observed in the dynamics after 24 hours and after 8 consecutive days, an increase in leukocytes and in the cellular composition of BAL
Summary
Acute bronchitis (AB) is characterized by acute inflammation of the trachea and large bronchi without signs of pneumonia. It is rational to use herbal medicines, because herbal medicines act on the mechanism of development of acute bronchitis, reducing inflammation in the respiratory tract [5, 6] They have a number of advantages: polytherapy, safety, efficacy and cost-effectiveness [7, 8]. The effectiveness of ivy and thyme has been clinically proven [9,10,11,12], but ivy-based drugs are quite expensive, and thyme-based drugs have a number of contraindications, such as: diseases of the gastrointestinal tract (hyperacid gastritis, peptic ulcer disease), cardiovascular disease system (in atrial fibrillation, atherosclerosis, hypertension), in addition, the essential oil of thyme is a strong irritant to the renal parenchyma [13] Since these diseases are very relevant – the use of thyme is limited
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