Abstract
Compaction operations have a vital role in embankments or rock fills to avoid settlement, but in some projects, such as marine ones, it is hardly possible to accomplish compaction operations due to the problems and executive limitations. In situations with no possibility of compaction, it is recommended to use single-size or self-compacted materials. From a theoretical point of view, self-compacted materials consist of coarse aggregates with no vast domain of gradation. In this case, the porosity of the materials in the dense state is not significantly different from the loose one, and a relatively dense condition occurs after it is poured; thus, the mass of materials will undergo lower volumetric changes in the future. In this study, the self-compacted characteristic of materials has been investigated using real aggregates with different gradations (the ratio of the largest to the smallest aggregate size of 1, 2, 4, and 8). The gradation and shape of aggregates are the main variables examined in the research. Real aggregates have been used in order to compare the study of self-compacted idea with ideal aggregates and the effects of sphericity and angularity of them. According to the experiments carried out on samples in the present work, it was observed that, without compaction operations, even ideal materials would not be in fully self-compacted state. However, relatively denser conditions can be achieved by observing the necessary points. Moreover, aggregates with high sphericity have better self-compacted property. Furthermore, the more uniform gradation and bigger size of materials lead to more self-compacted pile of materials.
Highlights
Compaction operations are performed on structures to prevent soil subsidence
Compaction operations are very important to prevent the aggregation of materials because the aggregation of materials causes many problems in the use and operation of the structure during its life [3]
2.5 mm 5 mm 10 mm 20 mm (d) diagram shows that some subsidence occurred at the LPG1 berth due to abnormal loads such as piling on the berth or other work. erefore, it was decided to increase the density of vibrating materials at the sulfur pier
Summary
Compaction operations are performed on structures to prevent soil subsidence. If the compaction is not done well, excessive sitting can cause many problems [1]. Especially in offshore structures, it is not possible to compact granular materials in order to prevent excessive subsidence and increase the load-bearing capacity for the construction of the structure [4]. It is not very difficult, and sometimes impractical to pound pebbles behind the walls of parallel beach docks or composite breakwater rocks. E compaction operations are not practically possible or face many problems in many conditions, especially at sea [6]. Keshtpour [4] conducted his research to investigate the idea of self-compacting materials regardless of the effect of the shape of the material on completely
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