Experimental study of strain-rate dependence and pressure dependence of failure properties of granite.

Abstract

Effects of the strain rate and pressure on various brittle properties of granite under compressional loading are studied experimentally. Granite specimens were tested to failure under various constant strain rates at confining pressures of 0.1 to 200 MPa. The strain rates in these tests varied from 10-4 to 10-8s-1. The results show that the strength of granite decreases linearly as the logarithm of the strain rate decreases, and that the strain-rate dependence on the strength is enhanced at high confining pressures. The dilatant strain and elastic wave velocity variations with stress were found to be independent of the strain rate if the stress is normalized by the strength. The dilatant-strain-versus-stress curve is significantly affected by confining pressure but the confining pressure effect on the dilatant strain versus normalized stress is small. The acoustic emission rate is accelerated at a stress level closer to the failure strength as the strain rate decreases. Some of the timedependent properties are explained by a theory based on the concept of subcritical stress-corrosion cracking. But it is also clear that the stress-corrosion cracking theory does not provide reasonable explanations of the variation of acoustic emission rate with stress and the variation of strain with stress at the stage immediately before fracture.