Abstract
Controlled experiments were conducted to examine the effect of fog on signal propagation in wireless communication and radar links operating in millimeter wavelengths. The experiments were carried out in a fog laboratory to verify theoretical results obtained from Liebe’s model. Attenuation and phase shifts of millimeter wave (mmW) radiation were measured, at different fog density characterized by the visibility distance and its water vapor content. Utilizing a vector network analyzer (VNA) enabled us to examine the actual atmospheric attenuation and the phase shift caused by the fog retardation. The experimental results demonstrate good agreement with the simulations even for very low visibility in highly dense fog. The study can be used to estimate link budget of mmW wireless links, including those allocated for the fifth generation (5G) of cellular networks.
Highlights
The use of mobile networks has been steadily increasing in recent decades
Our research focuses on absorptive as well as dispersive effects caused by propagation in foggy conditions
For reader’s convenience, we review the propagation model employed along the study for analyzing the effects of the medium on the amplitude and phase of the millimeter wave signal
Summary
The use of mobile networks has been steadily increasing in recent decades. A service that began only for the benefit of conversations and audio content has been extended to include a variety of text message, web browsing, photos, and video files. The experiments were carried out in a fog chamber, specially constructed to study electromagnetic transmission in controlled foggy environment, enabling generation of extremely dense fog with low visibility (less than 1 m) It is aimed at studying mmW propagation in the Ka-Band frequencies allocated for 5G spectrum. It was found that the fog generates attenuation, and group delay may affect radar accuracy [16,17] These findings led to further experimental study of the radiation dispersive effects emerging in the presence of fog, on wireless communication links operating in mmW frequencies designated for the 5G cellular communication, which is described in this paper
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