Abstract
An experimental investigation is performed in a single-cylinder direct-injection (DI) diesel engine using city diesel oil called DI1 and two blends of DI1 with a mixture of glycol ethers. The addition of glycol ethers to fuel DI1 produced oxygenated fuels GLY10 (10.2 mass-% glycol ethers) and GLY30 (31.3 mass-% glycol ethers) with 3% and 9% oxygen content, respectively. The addition of biofuel rapeseed methyl ester (RME) to fuel DI1 produced oxygenated blend RME30 (31.2 mass-% RME) with 3% oxygen content. Engine tests were performed with the four fuels in the DI diesel engine at 2500 RPM and at 20%, 40%, 60%, and 80% of full load. The experimental diesel engine was equipped with devices for recording cylinder pressure, injection pressure, and top dead center (TDC) position and also it was equipped with exhaust gas analyzers for measuring soot, NO, CO, and HC emissions. A MATLAB 2014 code was developed for analyzing recorded cylinder pressure, injection pressure, and TDC position data for all obtained engine cycles and for calculating the main engine performance parameters. The assessment of the experimental results showed that glycol ethers have more beneficial impact on soot and NO emissions compared to RME, whereas RME have less detrimental impact on engine performance parameters compared to glycol ethers.
Highlights
During recent years, internal combustion engine manufacturers in cooperation with research institutes and universities from all over the world have managed to develop advanced technology four-stroke and two-stroke diesel engines for various industrial sectors with considerably improved thermal efficiency and environmental behavior compared to the past decades [1]
It is characteristic that nowadays the brake-specific fuel consumption (BSFC) of medium-speed marine diesel engines has reached the value of 168 g/kWh [2] and the corresponding BSFC of large two-stroke slow-speed diesel engines is close to 156 g/kWh [3], which corresponds to the highest thermal efficiency and to the lowest specific CO2 emissions of all fossil fuel-powered propulsion and electric power generation thermal engines
Compression ignition (CI) combustion with natural gas either as a diesel oil supplement or using pilot diesel oil quantity for combustion initiation and flame development resulted in significant deterioration of CO and HC emissions compared to conventional diesel operation [5]
Summary
Internal combustion engine manufacturers in cooperation with research institutes and universities from all over the world have managed to develop advanced technology four-stroke and two-stroke diesel engines for various industrial sectors with considerably improved thermal efficiency and environmental behavior compared to the past decades [1]. Diesel engines still remain a major source of gaseous and particulate emissions, which have serious detrimental effects on human health and on the environment [1]. For this reason and for compliance with strict environmental regulations currently issued in many industrial sectors such as automotive, maritime, and the electric power generation sector, engine manufacturers and research organizations have strived to find solutions for further reducing the gaseous and particulate. Natural gas combustion in compression ignition engines under dual-fuel mode has proven to be quite effective in reducing both soot and NOx emissions with positive effects in brake-specific energy consumption [5]. The combustion of alternative gaseous fuels such as a mixture of methane with hydrogen have been examined in spark-ignition (SI) engines with quite positive results regarding the environmental repercussions of this type of engine [7]
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