Experimental study of catalytic hydro-dechlorination (HDC) of Aroclor 1232

Abstract

Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) is a group of persistent organic pollutants that still requires remediation and reduction long after the production is discontinued. Aroclor 1232 is a commercial PCB mixture that has been much less studied. To address this void, this paper presented catalytic hydro-dechlorination (HDC) of Aroclor 1232 using palladium on activated carbon (Pd/AC) at atmospheric pressure. Experimental variables studied including three mild temperatures, 22.5 °C, 50 °C, and 80 °C, and four different co-catalyst loadings. This batch of Aroclor 1232 constituted of more than 83% of mono-, di-, and tri-, chlorinated biphenyls (CB), in addition to biphenyl, tetra- and penta CBs. HDC efficiency increased with temperature, and reached 99.9% within 4 h of reaction at 80 °C. HDC efficiency also increased with co-catalyst loading. HDC efficiencies followed the trend of para > meta > ortho positions among isomers. The increase of temperature and Et3N dosage are especially effective in dechlorination at ortho and meta positions. The apparent activation energy of Aroclor 1232 HDC was estimated as 25.57 kJ/mol based on pseudo-first order assumption, indicating that the reaction may be diffusion limited. Given the modest reaction conditions used, the HDC of Aroclor 1232 can potentially be a low-cost process.