Experimental Study of a Degradable Solid-Free Drill-In Fluid System and Its Reservoir Protection Mechanism

Abstract

Summary The traditional drill-in fluid used to construct open holes does not mitigate problems that arise in subsequent completion operations and the risk of formation damage. In this work, a degradable solid-free drill-in fluid was designed with excellent direct flowback and degradation capabilities to reduce potential reservoir damage. A new type of viscosifier (XC-LT), as the key additive in the solid-free drill-in fluid, was prepared by modifying xanthan (XC) with maleic anhydride, and its phase transition temperature (Tm) was 20°C lower than that of XC alone. The XC-LT molecules in an aqueous solution were completely degraded after standing for 3 days, resulting in a clear solution with minimal residue. Additionally, in our proposed degradable solid-free drill-in fluid system, the stability of XC-LT could be improved significantly due to the existence of other additives, including filtrate reducer, monoethanolamine (MEA), potassium chloride (KCl), and sodium sulfite (Na2SO3). After aging for 3 days, the degradable solid-free drill-in fluid system constructed with XC-LT and other additives still had good rheological properties, and the rheological parameters, such as apparent viscosity (AV), plastic viscosity (PV), and yield point (YP), remained relatively stable, meeting the requirements for carrying cuttings in the drilling process. Its low shear rate viscosity (LSRV) was 30 900 mPa·s, and the system had good degradation performance after standing for a long time, which can reduce the flowback breakthrough pressure of oil and gas resources. The permeability recovery values (Kod/Ko) of the contaminated cores with the degradable solid-free drill-in fluid were greater than 94%, and the degraded drill-in fluid could fully flow back through the pore throats, reflecting an excellent reservoir protection performance. Finally, the degradable solid-free drill-in fluid system was applied to wells in the South China Sea. Compared with the adjacent wells using the solid-free drill-in fluid and gel-breaking fluid systems, the well production using our proposed degradable solid-free drill-in fluid system exceeded the anticipated production and was much greater than that of the adjacent wells. Our proposed degradable solid-free drill-in fluid system had good reservoir protection performance, and its application simplified the completion process.