Abstract
Broadband parametric acoustic arrays appear to offer advantages for shallow water sub-bottom profiling. In this paper, the performance of a broadband parametric acoustic array system was experimentally evaluated. In tank experiments using the nonlinear parabolic wave (KZK) equation, the directivity, source level, parametric acoustic array length, and penetration depth were evaluated. Based on Berktay’s far-field solution, the system’s emission signal was designed. According to sea trials of the broadband parametric acoustic array system as designed, a clear sub-bottom profile was obtained. Moreover, buried pipelines in the seabed were effectively detected, verifying the system’s effectiveness.
Highlights
In traditional sub-bottom profiling systems, due to the limitations of the linear sound source, the detector beam is relatively wide and has low resolution
Based on a parametric acoustic array system of nonlinear sound sources, a small-aperture broadband beam with low frequency, high directivity, and without sidelobes can be realized. e parametric acoustic array system is very suitable for high-resolution detection of seabed stratigraphic profiles and represents an important development direction in sub-bottom profile detection technology [1]
Berktay further deduced the relative emission theory of parametric acoustic arrays and promoted their application [4]. Because it offers a low-frequency sound source with a narrow beam and no sidelobes, the technology has been used in subbottom profiling [5], industrial flaw detection [6], medical examination [7], biological detection [8], target tracking [9], and underwater acoustic communication [10, 11]
Summary
In traditional sub-bottom profiling systems, due to the limitations of the linear sound source, the detector beam is relatively wide and has low resolution. Based on a parametric acoustic array system of nonlinear sound sources, a small-aperture broadband beam with low frequency, high directivity, and without sidelobes can be realized. Berktay further deduced the relative emission theory of parametric acoustic arrays and promoted their application [4] Because it offers a low-frequency sound source with a narrow beam and no sidelobes, the technology has been used in subbottom profiling [5], industrial flaw detection [6], medical examination [7], biological detection [8], target tracking [9], and underwater acoustic communication [10, 11]. Based on Berktay’s envelope modulation theory and the KZK (Khokhlov-ZabolotskayaKuznetsov) equation combined with tank experiments, the performance of the broadband difference frequency sound source was evaluated under various conditions, and the detection effect was deduced. While parametric acoustic array has been received considerable attention over the past decade, relatively few engineering details have surfaced about a whole broadband parametric acoustic array system [15,16,17,18,19,20]. e key engineering issues and performance of the whole broadband parametric acoustic array system are presented in this paper
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