Abstract
Brushless electric motors are used intensively in the industrial automation sector due to the motors low inertia and fast response. According to the International Electrotechnical Commission, IEC 60034-2-1, the efficiency of a three-phase electric machine (excluding machines for traction vehicles) can be determined by direct or indirect techniques. In the case of small traction motors (<10 kW), direct methods are used extensively by manufacturers, even if no standard has been published or scheduled by the IEC. In this paper, we evaluated the accuracy of the (direct) back-to-back method for the estimation of the energy performance of a 3 kW brushless AC electric motor used in a light electric vehicle. We measured the efficiencies of a pair of motors and inverters, as well as the overall efficiency of the entire power train. The results showed that the methodology was sufficiently accurate and comparable with other indirect methods available in existing literature. Moreover, we developed a Simulink model that used the powertrain efficiency map as the input to perform the simulation of a standard urban driving cycle. The simulation was run 500 times to calculate the probability density function associated with the total range of the vehicle, considering the uncertainty of the efficiency that was determined experimentally. The simulation results confirmed the low deviation of the distribution standard compared to the average value of the range of the vehicle.
Highlights
The motor and drive system are crucial components in vehicle applications [1]
We evaluated the efficiency and the associated accuracy of the power train of a light electric
We the efficiency and the associated theinaccuracy power train of adirect lightmethod electric vehicle toevaluated verify the feasibility of the back-to-back directaccuracy method.ofThe of the vehicle to verify of the back-to-back method
Summary
The motor and drive system are crucial components in vehicle applications [1]. Most of the companies that manufacture cars use the low-voltage hybridization solution to limit the CO2 emissions of internal combustion engines (ICEs). The first step in electric hybridization consists of replacing the alternator with an electric motor-generator unit with a nominal output voltage of 48 V. Energies 2018, 11, x FOR PEER REVIEW 1.
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