Abstract
The relevance of the study is conditioned upon the need to develop and implement structural and technological solutions to improve the efficiency of the chemical and thermal conversion of biomass into combustible gas. Within the framework of the above, the authors of this paper have designed a downdraft gasifier running on plant biomass. The presented research links the heat quantity received from the utilisation of syngas produced during the gasifier operation cycle with the parameters of the gas blow regime and the physico-chemical properties of biomass. For an in-depth study of the influence of the gas blow regime on the yield and calorific value of syngas produced from biomass, the authors introduce the concept of the blow coverage quality coefficient. This coefficient describes the quality of the cross-section coverage of the gasification chamber neck with gas currents of the tuyere zone. The purpose of this study is to establish the influence of the blow coverage quality coefficient, the volume of blow gases and the void ratio of the bulk biomass layer on the heat quantity received from syngas produced during the gasifier operation cycle. A multi-factor experiment was planned and performed, which relates the dependent factor to variables, and the corresponding response surfaces were constructed. The research findings are that the maximum value of the heat quantity received from the utilisation of syngas produced during the one-hour gasifier operation cycle was 519 MJ. This value is achieved with 0.8 blow coverage quality coefficient and a blow gas volume of 47.4 m3/h and 46.75% void ratio of the bulk biomass layer. The measurement results are highly consistent with the calculated data. The coefficient of determination was R2=0.983. The practical value of this study is to substantiate the rational design and technological parameters of the downdraft biomass gasifier operation, which will increase the efficiency of biomass energy production. The findings presented in this study can be used both to design new gasifiers and to improve the efficiency of the available ones
Highlights
Successful technical solutions in the context of creating new samples of gasifier equipment and a thorough analytical study of the production processes of combustible syngas from carbon-containing raw materials indicate the modernity and relevance of the subject under study
The presented research links the heat quantity received from the utilisation of syngas produced during the gasifier operation cycle with the parameters of the gas blow regime and the physico-chemical properties of biomass
The purpose of this study is to establish the influence of the blow coverage quality coefficient, the volume of blow gases and the void ratio of the bulk layer of biomass on the heat quantity received from the utilisation of syngas produced during the gasifier operation cycle
Summary
Successful technical solutions in the context of creating new samples of gasifier equipment and a thorough analytical study of the production processes of combustible syngas from carbon-containing raw materials indicate the modernity and relevance of the subject under study. Depending on the energy needs and availability of raw materials, gasifier designs with fixed bed, fluidised bed and entrained flow layers of different capacities are intensively developing. In the USA, Austria, Germany, and Denmark, fluidised bed and entrained flow gasifiers are commonplace, producing over 80% of syngas, the calorific value of which reaches 18...20. In the Philippines, Latvia, Lithuania, Estonia and Ukraine, fixed bed gasifiers are most commonly operated [4]. Such types of gasifiers have a capacity of 10 kW–1 MW and are more suitable for small-scale applications [4; 5]. The calorific value of syngas produced in fixed bed gasifier is low and amounts to only 5...7.5 MJ/nm. For countries where agriculture develops at the level of farming, it is more typical to develop fixed bed gasifiers, namely downdraft gasifiers
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