Experimental Studies of Physco-Chemical and Biological Parameter on Betwa River

Abstract

Abstract: The historically famous Betwa River is the lifeline of the Ganj Basoda town, as most of the inhabitants of the town, particularly those living around the lake, depend on the river's water for their general use. At present, the lake water is full of odours and harmful suspended particles because most of the waste is being discharged directly into it, particularly from the population located on the periphery of the lake. Similarly, residents of the town's hillock areas are directly discharging waste into open drains. Sewage is 99 percent water and carries domestic wastes originating in the kitchen, bathing, laundry, urine, and night soil. A portion of the wastes go into solution, and the rest are partly in colloidal suspension or true suspension. Sewage is generated by residential, institutional, commercial, and industrial establishments. It includes household waste liquid from toilets, baths, showers, kitchens, sinks, and so forth that is disposed of via sewers. In many areas, sewage also includes liquid waste from industry and commerce. The goal of this study is to analyze the water quality of Betwa river at various points, identify wastewater sources that degrade the river water quality, and propose a sewage treatment plant for Basoda city .Here, samples from four drains and four samples of lake water have been collected, and tests have been conducted to determine various parameters including pH, color, temperature, COD, BOD, conductivity, sulfate, nitrite, suspended solids, total solids, and total coli form.