Abstract
This work documents a detailed series of experiments performed in a wave flume on a thin walled prismatic hull form. The model consists of a rectangular opening located on the side. The length of the model is slightly smaller than the flume breadth to achieve two-dimensional (2D) behavior in the experiments. Forced oscillatory heave tests in calm water have been carried out by varying the model-motion parameters and examining both intact and damaged conditions. Video recordings, measurements of the wave elevation inside the damaged compartment and of the force on the model were performed in all the experiments. The effect of damage opening in the model on hydrodynamic loads is examined by comparing with an intact section. A theoretical analysis is used to explain the behavior of added mass and damping coefficients in heave for a 2D damaged section. The presented results demonstrate occurrence of sloshing and piston mode resonances in the tests and their influence on the hydrodynamics loads of a damaged ship. Detailed physical investigations are presented at these resonance frequencies for the damaged section. Effect of filling level in the damage compartment, damage-opening length and air compressibility in the airtight compartment is examined. Nonlinear effects are documented and appear dominant, especially, for lowest filling level where we have shallow-water depth conditions in the damaged compartment. Resonance phenomena that can lead to significant local loads are identified for the shallow water condition. Air compressibility in the airtight compartment and floodwater act as a coupled system and influence inflow/outflow of floodwater in the compartment. It has a significant effect on local floodwater behavior in the damaged compartment.
Highlights
Flooding in ships is usually a result of damage caused by collision, grounding or violent interaction with severe sea environment
The results are documented in terms of wave elevation amplitude inside the damaged compartment, added mass and damping coefficients in heave described in section 4 and examining the influence of filling depth inside the damaged compartment, of the opening size, and of the airtightness in the damaged compartment
The force measured in the horizontal direction is small and, we concentrate on the vertical hydrodynamic loads in the discussed results
Summary
Flooding in ships is usually a result of damage caused by collision, grounding or violent interaction with severe sea environment. Hashimoto et al [9] presented numerical simulations for flooding in damaged ships and validated them against experimental data for forced roll motions and flooding test of a Pure Car and Truck Carrier model. Kong and Faltinsen [25] studied numerically the importance of sloshing and piston mode resonance in a damaged ship They documented good agreement of their numerical results with ITTC benchmark experiments and discussed the importance and effect of these resonances. De Kat [26] studied numerically and experimentally the motions of a ship with a partially flooded tank He presented the effect of filling ratios on the first natural mode of sloshing in a flooded compartment. Conclusions and shortcomings from the present study are provided to benefit other researchers in this field
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