Abstract
In the mechanics of concrete constructions, one distinguishes between residual and elastic strains. Cyclic loadings evoke changes mainly in the elastic strains; however, the total strains are decided by the sum of the residual and elastic strains. The knowledge of the ratio between the residual and total strains allows to predict the total deformations of a construction assuming it is made from an ideally elastic material. This paper presents the effect of the load level at the values of the residual strains for beams made of high-strength concretes and subjected to bending. The investigations showed that the share of residual strains for these concretes differed from the share of residual strains for concretes of lower classes. The investigations were made for cyclically loaded concrete samples and ferroconcrete beams for various relative load levels. The ratio between the residual and total strains was presented in the form of a dependence on the relative load level of the element. An important conclusion was that, after the crack formation, the share of residual stresses reduced, along with the increase in the concrete strength and elastic features of the construction which started to predominate.
Highlights
The investigations of the relation between stress and strain (σ−ε) are fundamental and are performed in order to precisely examine the material response to acting loads
If one takes into account that real engineering constructions work under loads varying in different ways and that the loading–unloading cycles can repeat many times, the investigations of the relation σ−ε should be expanded by the aforementioned factors
This paper presents how to experimentally separate the elastic and plastic part of a strain in a ferroconcrete beam subjected to bending
Summary
The investigations of the relation between stress and strain (σ−ε) are fundamental and are performed in order to precisely examine the material response to acting loads. If one takes into account that real engineering constructions work under loads varying in different ways (not always statically) and that the loading–unloading cycles can repeat many times, the investigations of the relation σ−ε should be expanded by the aforementioned factors. In this regard, the constitutive material models should be created which consider the most important factors responsible for a material’s behavior
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