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Abstract
As an important electron transportation phenomenon, Bloch oscillations have been extensively studied in condensed matter. Due to the similarity in wave properties between electrons and other quantum particles, Bloch oscillations have been observed in atom lattices, photonic lattices, and so on. One of the many distinct advantages for choosing these systems over the regular electronic systems is the versatility in engineering artificial potentials. Here by utilizing dissipative elements in a CMOS-compatible photonic platform to create a periodic complex potential and by exploiting the emerging concept of parity-time synthetic photonics, we experimentally realize spatial Bloch oscillations in a non-Hermitian photonic system on a chip level. Our demonstration may have significant impact in the field of quantum simulation by following the recent trend of moving complicated table-top quantum optics experiments onto the fully integrated CMOS-compatible silicon platform.
Highlights
As an important electron transportation phenomenon, Bloch oscillations have been extensively studied in condensed matter
We report an experimental study of photonic Bloch oscillations (BO) and related wave dynamics in Hermitian and non-Hermitian systems realized with complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS)-compatible fabrication processes on a silicon-oninsulator (SOI) platform
By using scanning near-field optical microscope (SNOM), we are able to directly visualize the wave dynamics responsible for the BO continuously for both the Hermitian and non-Hermitian photonic lattice in spatial domain, which is another key advantage over the large-scale discretized PT-symmetric optical networks[30], where the wave dynamics is discrete in temporal domain and all waves are needed to be multiplexed with actively controlled optical switching components to construct the BO in temporal domain
Summary
As an important electron transportation phenomenon, Bloch oscillations have been extensively studied in condensed matter. By utilizing dissipative elements in a CMOS-compatible photonic platform to create a periodic complex potential and by exploiting the emerging concept of parity-time synthetic photonics, we experimentally realize spatial Bloch oscillations in a non-Hermitian photonic system on a chip level. We report an experimental study of photonic BO and related wave dynamics in Hermitian and non-Hermitian systems realized with complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS)-compatible fabrication processes on a silicon-oninsulator (SOI) platform. Our spatial wave dynamics recorded by the SNOM reveal a prominent secondary emission around the BO recovery point for the non-Hermitian system in contrast to the classical picture of BO in a Hermitian system This feature in such a PT synthetic photonic lattice is related to the spontaneous PT symmetry breaking
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