Abstract
We have developed a quantum message authentication protocol that provides authentication and integrity of an original message using single qubit unitary operations. Our protocol mainly consists of two parts: quantum encryption and a correspondence check. The quantum encryption part is implemented using linear combinations of wave plates, and the correspondence check is performed using Hong–Ou–Mandel interference. By analyzing the coincidence counts of the Hong–Ou–Mandel interference, we have successfully proven the proposed protocol experimentally, and also showed its robustness against an existential forgery.
Highlights
Modern cryptography provides four functions, namely, confidentiality, authentication, integrity, and nonrepudiation [1,2]
We have experimentally proved that the proposed quantum message authentication code (QMAC) is robust against existential forgery
We have proposed a new quantum message authentication protocol including quantum encryption for improving security against an existential forgery
Summary
Modern cryptography provides four functions, namely, confidentiality, authentication, integrity, and nonrepudiation [1,2]. QKD aims to enable communication partners, e.g., Alice and Bob, to share secret keys and perform a one-time pad communication Those protocols provide unconditional confidentiality based on the principle that an arbitrary unknown quantum state cannot be copied and that quantum measurement is irreversible [7,8,9,10]. The core elements of the proposed protocol, such as the quantum three-pass protocol and the quantum encryption scheme, are implemented with only single qubit unitary operators.
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