Abstract
Recent experimental results on the understanding of the QCD structure of the proton are presented. A particular emphasis is given on the gluon content of the proton, whose precise knowledge has direct implications for theoretical predictions a t the LHC. The most important data used in the determination of the parton density functions (PDFs) are ep Deep Inelastic Scattering (DIS) cross sections measured at HERA. New combined data from H1 and ZEUS experiments are improving further the experimental accuracy, in particular a t low Bjorken x, and lead to precise predictions of cross sections for LHC phenomena. The flavour content of the proton is further studied using final states with charm and beauty in DIS ep and p ¯ p collisions. Finally, diffractive reactions involving a hard scale are mentioned as a tool for investigating the low x structure of the proton.
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