Abstract

Nucleon electromagnetic form factors are the fundamental quantities that are related to a two-dimensional view of the charge and magnetization distribution in the nucleon. They are essential in understanding the nucleon electromagnetic structure. In this article, we briefly summarize the recent experimental progress on this topic, and introduce several experiments related to the nucleon electromagnetic form factors in the near future.

Highlights

  • Nucleons are known as the fundamental building blocks of the visible matter

  • A decade later, the experimental efforts on deep-inelastic scattering of electrons on protons pioneered by Friedman, Kendall and Taylor at Stanford Linear Accelerator Center (SLAC) revealed the point-like constituent particles inside the proton, and led to the establishment of the quark model

  • Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD) is the fundamental theory that describes the strong interaction between quarks and gluons

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Summary

Introduction

Nucleons are known as the fundamental building blocks of the visible matter. In 1933, Otto Stern discovered that the magnetic momentum of proton disagreed with Dirac’s prediction μ. Among fundamental quantities related to the internal structure of the nucleon, the electromagnetic form factors describe the spatial distribution of charge and magnetization within the nucleon. The rest of this paper will introduce the experimental techniques and the recent experimental progress related to the nucleon form factors, as well as provide a perspective on the future experiments regarding this topic. This proceedings paper focuses on nucleon form factors in the space-like region only

Rosenbluth separation
Recoil proton polarization measurement
Asymmetry super ratio method
Neutron form factor measurement
Relation to quark orbital angular momentum
Flavor decomposition of nucleon form factors
Unified view of nucleon structure
Proton radius puzzle
Recent proton charge radius measurements
PRad experiment at Jefferson Lab
Findings
Summary
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