Experimental necrotizing enterocolitis using oral lipopolysaccharide and protective role of breastmilk.

Abstract

Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is a life-threatening condition that afflicts neonates. Breastfeeding has demonstrated to play a protective role against it. By administering lipopolysaccharides (LPS) orally in newborn rats (NBR), we have developed an experimental model to induce NEC-like gut damage. Our aim was to assess the macroscopic and microscopic appearance of the gut, to evaluate the presence of NEC and study the role of breast milk (BM). NBR were divided into 3 groups: Group A (control, n=10) remained with the mother, group B (LPS, n=25) was isolated after birth, gavage-fed with special rat formula and oral LPS, then submitted to stress (hypoxia after gavage) and group c (BM, n=12) was breastfed once after birth, then isolated, and submitted to stress like group B. On day 4, NBR were sacrificed, and intestine was harvested and assessed. In the control group NEC was not present either macroscopically or histologically. Both groups submitted to stress (B and C) presented a global incidence of NEC of 73%. Most of group B developed histologic signs of NEC (85%) and group C showed a statistically lower incidence of NEC (50%, p=0.04), playing the BM a protective role against NEC (OR=0.19; 95% CI: 0.40-0.904). Our model showed a significant incidence of NEC in NBR (73%) with the same protective role of BM as in newborn humans, achieving a reliable and reproducible experimental NEC model. This will allow us to investigate new potential therapeutic targets for a devastating disease that currently lacks treatment.