Experimental models of vibration disease (literature review)

Abstract

Introduction. Long-term vibration exposure to the human body is a risk factor for the development of occupational diseases and comorbid conditions causing, first of all, the pathology of the nervous system, as well as the cardiovascular, gastrointestinal tract and musculoskeletal systems. Pathogenetic aspects of vibration exposure at the molecular level remain open and require the search for adequate experimental animal models. The review describes experimental methods for studying vibration disease. A literature search was conducted in the databases MedLine, PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, Google Scholar, CyberLeninka and RSCI. The results of experimental studies differ due to the difference in frequencies and duration of vibration exposure. Sanitary and hygienic characteristics of workplaces of coal-mining enterprises in Kuzbass. Data are given at the levels of local and whole-body vibration at the workplaces of an underground sinker, a stope miner, and a mining machine operator. Experimental modelling of local and whole-body vibration. Experimental methods of vibration exposure to laboratory rats, mice and rabbits at the local and whole-body levels are described. The presented experimental models are as close as possible to real vibration effects in production conditions. Vibration at frequencies above 4 Hz has been shown to cause changes in the structure and functions of peripheral vessels and nerves, along with hypoxic damage of the brain, heart, kidneys, liver, and skeletal muscles. Conclusion. Experimental modelling of vibration disease makes it possible to study the organ-specific molecular mechanisms of damaging vibration exposure to the body and develop effective preventive and therapeutic measures.