Abstract
Stress research has gained popularity due to the increased acknowledgement of chronic stress on personal health. With this increased interest, researchers need to assure that the public receives quality, evidence-based solutions. Improvements following a stress reduction intervention are generally assessed by a self-survey pre-post rather than objective biomarkers of stress. There is a need in the literature for a research paradigm utilizing two different stressors to prevent any alteration in post-intervention results due to habituation of the stressor. The Trier Social Stress Test (TSST) and the Beilock Stress Test (BST) are two different stress protocols published in the literature. The present study has three objectives: 1) to compare the efficacy of two different previously documented psychological stressors, the TSST and the BST; 2) to compare an invasive measure, serum cortisol, to a non-invasive measure, the galvanic skin response (GSR); and 3) to examine the effects of sex on the response. Fifty-seven college age males (n = 31) and females (n = 26) completed both protocols. Blood samples were collected every 10 min for 110 minutes. Baseline, stressor, and recovery 1, 2, and 3 were averaged for a 20 min period. A 2 (test: BST or TSST) by 2 (sex: male or female) by 5 (trials: baseline, stressor, and recovery 1, 2, and 3) Mixed Plot ANCOVA with repeated measures on test and trial was used to analyze the data. There was not a significant main effect for test or sex for cortisol or the GSR. There was a significant difference for trial for both biomarkers: cortisol F(4,208) = 39.41; and GSR F(4,216) = 15.18. There was also a significant interaction term for sex × trial × test, F(4,208) = 4.51 and for test × trial, F(4,208) = 14.31 for cortisol. The conclusion is that the TSST and the BST can be used as pretest posttest stressors in translational studies assessing the effectiveness of a stress reduction technique if slight modifications are made in the statistical design.
Highlights
Novel experimental models designed to examine changes in stress-related behavior are of interest to the scientific community in neuropsychobiology
There is a current need for a research paradigm utilizing two different stressors to prevent any alteration in post-intervention results caused by a dampened response due to familiarity to the stressor, known as habituation [1]
Our primary objective in the study was to experimentally demonstrate that two different stressors, the Trier Social Stress Test (TSST) and the Beilock Stress Test (BST) [2] [3] would elicit a similar stress response and these stressors could be used in future translational research as pretest posttest stressors
Summary
Novel experimental models designed to examine changes in stress-related behavior are of interest to the scientific community in neuropsychobiology. We compared two different published stressors, the Trier Social Stress Test (TSST) and the Beilock Stress Test (BST). Both stressors have been published and shown to elicit a stress response [2] [3]. The original purpose of the research by Kirschbaum et al in 1993 was to show that their designed stress-related test would elicit the needed cortisol response for an effective stressor [3]. The stressor used in the Beilock and Carr study (2005) has not been subjected to the same level of scrutiny as the TSST for the purposes of demonstrating a significant stress response [2]. There are no published studies that have compared biomarkers of stress between protocols
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