Experimental mixture design as a tool to optimize the growth of various Ganoderma species cultivated on media with different sugars

Yit Kheng Goh,Nurul Fadhilah Marzuki,Suet Yee Tan,Swee Sian Tan,Hun Jiat Tung,You Keng Goh,Kah Joo Goh

doi:10.1080/21501203.2015.1137985

Abstract

ABSTRACTThe influence of different medium components (glucose, sucrose, and fructose) on the growth of different Ganoderma isolates and species was investigated using mixture design. Ten sugar combinations based on three simple sugars were generated with two different concentrations, namely 3.3% and 16.7%, which represented low and high sugar levels, respectively. The media were adjusted to either pH 5 or 8. Ganoderma isolates (two G. boninense from oil palm, one Ganoderma species from coconut palm, G. lingzhi, and G. australe from tower tree) grew faster at pH 8. Ganoderma lingzhi proliferated at the slowest rate compared to all other tested Ganoderma species in all the media studied. However, G. boninense isolates grew the fastest. Different Ganoderma species were found to have different sugar preferences. This study illustrated that the mixture design can be used to determine the optimal combinations of sugar or other nutrient/chemical components of media for fungal growth.

Highlights

Mixture design has been adopted for use in various experiments or trials, scientific researches, and production/manufacturing lines to achieve the desired products from suitable and optimized combinations, formulations, proportions, or compositions of the inputs, materials, or components
Two Ganoderma boninense isolates (G14 and 8) from oil palms with basal stem rot (BSR) (Kok et al 2013), one Ganoderma species G31 from coconut palm, one G. australe G30 (Goh et al 2014), and one G. lingzhi G32 were selected, maintained and grown on Malt extract agar (MEA) (Difco, Becton Dickinson Diagnostics, Sparks, Maryland) supplemented with antibiotic (100 μg/L streptomycin sulphate) (Sigma-Aldrich, St Louis, Missouri) at 24°C for 7 days prior to inoculating them onto the media with various combinations of sugars
Media with high total sugar concentrations were inhibitory to all tested Ganoderma species

Summary

Introduction

Mixture design has been adopted for use in various experiments or trials, scientific researches, and production/manufacturing lines to achieve the desired products from suitable and optimized combinations, formulations, proportions, or compositions of the inputs, materials, or components. Coconut extracts were reported to have higher sugars, in glucose, sucrose, and fructose, compared to oil palm extracts (Goh et al 2013). Other sugars, such as galactose, lactose, and maltose, were not detected in both oil palm and coconut extracts (unpublished data). In a few previous studies, G. boninense, G. lucidum, and Published online 16 Feb 2016

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