Abstract
Frequency-dependent impedance models are required for investigating the harmonic stability of power-electronic components in the frequency domain. The experimental measurement of components is a possible approach to determine the frequencydependent equivalent impedances. However, measurement techniques such as wideband impedance measurement of active components are not well established. Thus, this paper deals with the measurement or extraction of wideband impedances of active components such as inverters. The selection of test objects is focused on component types and models that have already been integrated into low-voltage grids in large numbers. For that, various measurements are performed in the low-voltage laboratory using commercial single-phase inverters. Additionally, this paper examines three different measuring techniques. Differences between the extracted impedances of various inverters are analysed and the influence of the cable impedance is determined. Furthermore, an aggregation of multiple inverters as a Thevenin equivalent is carried out and an analytical aggregation is compared with associated measurements. The results show that different measurement techniques can be used, yet not equally suitable for all frequency ranges. Differences in the measured frequency-dependent impedances are observed among various commercial inverters and as a consequence confirm the need for experimental measurements. It is also shown that the influence of the cable impedance can be taken into account analytically if the cable parameters are known. Besides, the analytical aggregation based on single component measurements is possible, provided that the grid impedance is negligible and the systems do not influence each other.
Published Version
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