Abstract
In recent years, more and more components in vehicles have been electrified in order to improve the safety and comfort of the passengers as well as the driving performance. Owing to these developments, it has become increasingly difficult to guarantee the voltage stability within the 12V as well as the high voltage power bus. However, a new degree of freedom arises, as the two power nets are connected in order to exchange energy. As a consequence, they are able to stabilize their voltage reciprocally. This paper deals with the analysis of how two voltage levels can be coupled actively in order to stabilize their voltages in power demanding situations. A power net test bench consisting of a 12V power net and a high voltage power net is built. In the 12V power net, original chassis and wiring harness are used in order to achieve the most realistic behavior. Furthermore, there are two control modes presented. In the power control mode, the power flow is increased preventively when the prediction model detects a critical situation that is likely to occur in the near future. In the voltage control mode, the voltage controller of the DC chopper converter is used to stabilize the power net voltage in real time. Both control methods can easily be implemented into a universal power distribution management system. The voltage control mode is experimentally investigated at the power net test bench and it is shown that the minimum voltage in very power-consuming driving situations is increased by about 1.5V per 1000W of applied power supplied by the DC chopper converter.
Highlights
Introduction and MotivationIn recent years, there has been a movement toward increasing electrification in conventional automotive vehicles
The built-in power supply of the power net test bench that emulates the 12 V alternator is removed so that all the power is fed into the system via the DC chopper converter
It can be considered that one factor that greatly influences the stabilization of the vehicular power net is the maximum output power of the DC chopper converter
Summary
There has been a movement toward increasing electrification in conventional automotive vehicles. Loads such as electrical power steering or chassis control systems consume up to 2 kW peak power [4, 5] Due to these developments, it has become more and more difficult to guarantee voltage stability within the 12 V power system [6,7,8,9]. These developments lead to voltage instability in situations when a sudden power increase occurs such as swerving maneuvers or parking maneuvers (see Section 4, Voltage Drops, for further explanations) These voltage drops in the power nets of conventional vehicles can be noticed by the passengers, for example by light flickering or malfunction of electric control units. Automotive power nets must operate close to their limits, no matter whether implemented in conventional or electric vehicles In this context, it becomes apparent that voltage drops are a real challenge in both 12 V and high voltage power nets. How can a power distribution management system be designed that efficiently manages the coupling between the voltage levels?
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