Experimental Investigation on the Wear Performance of Nano-Additives on Degraded Gear Lubricant

Abstract

This study investigates the degradation of a commercially available gear lubricant and the potential of nano-additives to mitigate such degradation. Initially, we performed an experimental study on the chemical degradation of commercially available API GL-4 EP90 gear lubricant by mixing the different concentrations of aqueous hydrochloric acid (aqueous HCl) varying from 0.0005% v/v up to 0.0025% v/v, while maintaining overall water content in the oil below the prescribed limits. The degradation was monitored using the pH value, total acid number (TAN) value, and attenuated total reflectance-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR) analysis. The experiments were performed on a developed gear test rig using conventional gear oil as well as chemically aged gear oil, and the corresponding results of pH value and wear debris were recorded. Based on the results, an empirical regression model between the concentration of aqueous HCl and lubricant aging time has been established. Under chemically aged lubricant, severe wear of gear was observed, which motivated us to explore suitable nano-additive to minimize the gear wear. Initially, three nano-additives—graphite, graphene, and “graphene oxide functionalized with silicon oxide (GO@SiO2)”—were chosen. A series of tests were conducted using the design of experiments method (L8 and L16 orthogonal array) to investigate the effect of nano-additives and to find the optimum additive for wear performance. Finally, experiments were conducted on gear setup using the degraded lubricant optimized with nano-additive. Overall results indicate a very significant contribution of nano-additives in decreasing gear wear.