Experimental Investigation on The Mechanical Properties of Cement Mortar Containing Recycled Tire Crumbs Reinforced with Polypropylene, Oil Palm and Banana Fibers

Abstract

The automotive industry discards a large number of end-of-life tires annually, creating a growing global environmental hazard. The incorporation of crumb rubber derived from waste tires into construction materials is considered one of several alternatives for sustainably reusing these waste materials. The addition of fibers as reinforcements would address the typical degradation caused by the crumb rubber in cement composites. Fibers sourced from plants and recycled synthetics offer a practical and eco-friendly reinforcement material that is both cost-effective and easy to procure. However, two challenges emerge from these choices. Firstly, natural fibers exhibit substantial regional variations, resulting in differences in their properties and inconsistent performance. Secondly, recycled materials also demonstrate variation due to disparities in production and manufacturing processes. As a result, incorporating these fibers into cement-based materials has produced conflicting outcomes due to these inherent variations, rendering practical application unfavorable. Therefore, this study attempts to promote the adoption of sustainable practices by addressing the lack of available performance-based data for the utilization of these fiber variants in the design of cement mixtures. The data would allow engineers to integrate these mixtures into commercial designs for practical in-situ construction. A total of 18 novel cement-based mixtures containing different types of fibers, chemical admixture, and discarded crumb waste were formulated and evaluated in fresh and hardened properties. A multifaceted approach was also undertaken to further hybridize the fibers and quantify the synergistic effects within the investigated cement matrice. The results indicate that the incorporation of polypropylene and oil palm fibers enhances compressive and tensile strength, although there is a general weakening observed in flexural strength. In the case of hybrid fibers, a successful combination of polypropylene and banana fibers is evident, showing a positive hybrid effect coefficient compared to a negative coefficient for polypropylene-oil palm fiber combinations.