Experimental Investigation of the Ca-Cu Process for H2 Production: Evaluation of Reduction/Calcination Strategies

Abstract

The exothermic reduction of the CuO present in a bed of solids (39 % wt. CuO, 20 % wt. CaCO3 and 1.5 % wt. Ni, being the rest inert materials) with a fuel gas, generated a pure CO2 stream once steam was condensed (and free of N2). In this way, a Cu/Ca molar ratio of approximately 2 in the bed of solids allowed for CaCO3 calcination efficiencies of around 95 % molar basis at the reducing gases break-through. This allowed performing consecutive cycles of the main reaction steps involved in the Ca/Cu H2 production process. The mixture CaO-based sorbent, reforming catalyst and Cu-based material was able to produce a gas stream with a 94.0 % vol. H2 at 10 bar during the CH4 sorption enhanced reforming stage. The Cu-based material was oxidized with a highly diluted air stream at 10 bar, reacting in a well defined reaction front. A pure CO2 gas stream was obtained at reactor exit during the calcination/reduction stage with a fuel gas typical composition of a SMR stage at high temperature. The experimental results indicated that it was possible to cool the bed and to produce a syngas with a H2/CO molar ratio of about 3.5 suitable for its use in the calcination/reduction stage, in a SMR stage at high temperature. It was also possible to perform the calcination/reduction and SMR in one single stage.