Abstract
This study presents non‐reagent groundwater removal technology at precipitation of substances (iron, ammonium and manganese) in sand filters of an experimental pilot plant (Fig 1). For experimental investigation the ground‐water of Pagiriai watering place (Kirtimai watering place junctions) in Vilnius city was chosen. The ground water from this watering place does not meet the requirements of a satisfactory‐quality class due to high concentrations of iron and manganese. Experiments were carried out from Aug 13 to Oct 15 of 2003 with the aim of removing iron, ammonium and manganese from groundwater subject to the depth of filters and rate of filtration. Groundwater was aerated and filtered through three experimental filters at a rate of 10, 15 and 20 m/h. The results of the investigation show that the concentrations of studied substances subject to the depth of filters are reduced. The investigated process of iron, ammonium and manganese removal at the filtration rate of 10 m/h ensures water quality that meets the requirements for a very high‐quality class. Filtration of aerated water through filter 2 at 20 m/h rate does not ensure the concentration of manganese in the outlet less than 0,03 mg/1. If sand media is not enough unriped for manganese removal (filter 3), the concentration of manganese in the outlet does not ensure a good drinking‐water quality class. For the mathematical description of changes in average substance concentrations at typical points polynomials were used. In conformity with this description it is possible to determine variation in concentrations of studied substances (iron, ammonium, manganese) at characteristic points in the filter medium.
Highlights
A water engineer is often faced with a dual problem
Filter 3 loaded with fresh quartz sand medium was got unriped for manganese removal and less effect was achieved
Since 20 August, when in raw water there were 0,7 mg/l Fe, 0,2 mg/l Mn and 0,45 mg/l NH4, filter 1 was working with filtration rate of 10 m/h and in filtered water from tap 6 concentrations of Fe, Mn and NH4 ensured water quality that was equal to the class of a very high quality
Summary
A water engineer is often faced with a dual problem. On one hand, there is the need for a simple, stable and low-cost water treatment which often means the usage of groundwater. At present there is some information in technical literature about the possibility of removing iron and manganese by non-chemical methods, reducing the groundwater treatment cost and at the same time improving the quality of potable water [1214]. This kind of process is new in Lithuania, and in other countries, since its principles were developed only in the last decade [7]. Experiments were carried out with the aim of increasing knowledge and providing answers to questions related to the process that takes place in the filter bed while removing Fe and Mn from aerated underground water by one-power filtration and to suggest formulae to tally up extange of substance (Fe, NH4, Mn) concentration
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