Abstract
The gamma-ray shielding features of Bi2O3-CaO-K2O-Na2O-P2O5 glass systems were experimentally reported. The mass attenuation coefficient (MAC) for the fabricated glasses was experimentally measured at seven energy values (between 0.0595 and 1.33 MeV). The compatibility between the practical and theoretical results shows the accuracy of the results obtained in the laboratory for determining the MAC of the prepared samples. The mass and linear attenuation coefficients (MACs) increase with the addition of Bi2O3 and A4 glass possesses the highest MAC and LAC. A downward trend in the linear attenuation coefficient (LAC) with increasing the energy from 0.0595 to 1.33 MeV is found. The highest LAC is found at 1.33 MeV (in the range of 0.092–0.143 cm−1). The effective atomic number (Zeff) follows the order B1 > A1 > A2 > A3 > A4. This order emphasizes that increasing the content of Bi2O3 has a positive effect on the photon shielding proficiencies owing to the higher density of Bi2O3 compared with Na2O. The half value layer (HVL) is also determined and the HVL for the tested glasses is computed between 0.106 and 0.958 cm at 0.0595 MeV. The glass with 10 mol% of Bi2O3 has lower HVL than the glasses with 0, 2.5, 5, and 7.5 mol% of Bi2O3. So, the A4 glass needs a smaller thickness than the other glasses to shield the same radiation. As a result of the reported shielding parameters, inserting B2O3 provides lower values of these three parameters, which in turn leads to the development of superior photons shields.
Highlights
Nuclear medicine and radiation shielding technology provide flexible tools that play an outstanding role in current human life
The mass attenuation coefficient (MAC) and linear attenuation coefficient (LAC) for the fabricated glasses were experimentally measured at seven energy values
The compatibility between the practical and theoretical results shows the accuracy of the results obtained in the laboratory for determining the MAC of the prepared samples
Summary
Nuclear medicine and radiation shielding technology provide flexible tools that play an outstanding role in current human life. Radiation protection is based on three factors, that is, shielding, distance, and time [2,3]. Clay bricks, tiles, and concrete and other traditional materials were used as shielding material for many years to make the environment safe and protect workers from hazardous radiations [4,5]. Particular types of glass systems have been made for windows, isotope containers, and X-ray imaging systems [6]. Glass systems mainly comprise modifier, former, and intermediate oxides. Bismuthate glasses mainly consist of BiO6 octahedral units and BiO3 pyramidal [7]
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