Abstract
One unique feature of quantum mechanics is the Heisenberg uncertainty principle, which states that the outcomes of two incompatible measurements cannot simultaneously achieve arbitrary precision. In an information-theoretic context of quantum information, the uncertainty principle can be formulated as entropic uncertainty relations with two measurements for a quantum bit (qubit) in two-dimensional system. New entropic uncertainty relations are studied for a higher-dimensional quantum state with multiple measurements, and the uncertainty bounds can be tighter than that expected from two measurements settings and cannot result from qubits system with or without a quantum memory. Here we report the first room-temperature experimental testing of the entropic uncertainty relations with three measurements in a natural three-dimensional solid-state system: the nitrogen-vacancy center in pure diamond. The experimental results confirm the entropic uncertainty relations for multiple measurements. Our result represents a more precise demonstrating of the fundamental uncertainty principle of quantum mechanics.
Highlights
One significant feature of quantum theory that differs from our everyday life experience is the uncertainty principle which was first introduced in 1927 by Heisenberg[1]
An individual NV center can be viewed as a basic unit of a quantum computer and is one of the most promising candidates for quantum information processing (QIP), since many coherent control and manipulation processes have been performed with this system[22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37]
The electron spin of NV center interacts with the external magnetic field, causing a splitting of the three-energy spin states
Summary
One significant feature of quantum theory that differs from our everyday life experience is the uncertainty principle which was first introduced in 1927 by Heisenberg[1]. The essence of those uncertainty relations can be well demonstrated in a three-dimension quantum system like a spin-1 state for the reasons that they cannot be obtained from the ordinary two measurements setting, and the indivisible quantum system cannot result in nonlocality or entanglement[21]. We report the first room-temperature proof-of-principle implementation of the entropic uncertainty relations for multiple measurements[19] in a solid-state system: the nitrogen-vacancy (NV) center in pure diamond single crystal.
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