Abstract
Abstract Phase diagram of the Bi-Ce-Ge ternary system has been investigated experimentally and thermodynamically extrapolated by using Pandat software. Experimental results were obtained using differential thermal analysis (DTA), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) with energy dispersive spectrometry (EDS), and X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) methods. Examined ternary samples belong to two isothermal sections at 400 and 600 °C as well as three vertical sections Bi-CuGe, Cu-BiGe, and Ge-BiCu. No ternary compound has been detected in the equilibrated samples from the selected isothermal sections. Based on the presented experimental data and available literature data, description of the ternary system has been developed. A reasonable agreement between the experimental data and the calculated phase equilibria was obtained. As an example, ternary Cu80Bi10Ge10 alloy was selected for solidification simulations according to Scheil and Lever Rule assumptions as well as for simulation of the total fraction of each solid at different temperatures, latent heat, and total heat.
Highlights
In recent period ternary alloys based on Bi-Ge have been attracting notable attention
The liquidus temperatures were evaluated from the peak maximum and the temperatures of the invariant reactions were determined data established by Chevalier15
Compositions of co-existing phases were determined by examining the surface of the same phase at different regions of the sample
Summary
In recent period ternary alloys based on Bi-Ge have been attracting notable attention. These alloys are important due to the fact that semiconducting properties can be improved by addition of Bi to Ge-based materials. It is not surprising that they are extensively used in electrical and electronics industry[2,3,4]. It is well known that Cu is the main alloying element in electronic products [5,6,7,8,9]. In previous investigations, already assessed ternary systems such as Bi‐Ge-Zn, Ga, In, Sn, Ag, Sb10-12. The Bi-Cu-Ge ternary system is interesting due to the possible application in electronics industry and the fact that it has not been assessed before
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