Abstract
An experimental investigation has been carried out to examine the effects of steam injection into the intake manifold of a single cylinder, low speed, direct injection diesel engine fuelled with biodiesel palm methyl ester. Steam injection is generally carried out by non–conventional energy source. The addition of steam in to the intake manifold of the engine was carried out by vaporizing the water inside a boiler and heat is supplied by the solar concentrated parabolic dish. Biodiesels are known to produce higher NOx when compared to the neat diesel. Addition of steam to the combustion chamber of diesel engine has known effects of reducing the dangerous emissions of NOx but it is not clearly known about the engine performance and emissions. To examine this, an experimental investigation has been carried out on a single cylinder low speed diesel engine with steam injection in to the intake manifold during the suction stroke on the performance and engine emissions. Experiment results shows that there is a significant reduction in smoke levels and NOx during the steam injection both for the diesel fuel and pongamia methyl ester. Also there is a significant improvement of engine performance in terms of specific fuel consumption and brake thermal efficiency with steam injection.
Highlights
Due to the gradual depletion of petroleum reserves and the impact of environmental pollution of increasing exhaust emissions, there is an urgent need for suitable alternative fuels for use in compression ignition engines (CI)
Pongamia methyl ester is generally tends to produce more amount of nitrogen oxides (NOx) when compared to the neat diesel at all loads
At part loads the reduction of NOx is not so high for both PME and diesel fuel
Summary
Due to the gradual depletion of petroleum reserves and the impact of environmental pollution of increasing exhaust emissions, there is an urgent need for suitable alternative fuels for use in compression ignition engines (CI). Studies clearly indicate that the use of biodiesel may potentially reduce the dependence on petroleum diesel fuel and improve air quality. It suffers from higher viscosity, cold starting problems and increased nitrogen oxides (NOx) emissions when compared with diesel oil (Herchel et al, 2001; Silvo et al, 2002; Nwafor, 2004; Agarwal & Agarwal, 2007; Murat & Fikret, 2007). Oxygenated diesel fuel studies have focused primarily on the possibility of significant emission reductions It has been concluded from diesel engines combustion that the addition of water in the combustion chamber effectively reduces the NOx emission but there is a concern that it may increase the noise level from such engines. A significant reduction of CO2 and NOx emissions was noticed along with increase in the specific fuel consumption and decrease in brake thermal effeciency.There have been many solutions to the NOx and smoke emissions problems for diesel engines
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