Abstract
This paper presents outcomes of a field experiment involving a random sample of pedestrians evacuating from a newly-constructed long tunnel at high altitude through an extra-long evacuation path with a steep grade. Adverse survival conditions include high altitude, reduced oxygen, long distance, and the steep slope of the evacuation path. Research methods include field experiments, questionnaires and interviews. Response time, route choice, movement time, speed change, and reaction to technical installations were recorded and discussed both in the tunnel and the evacuation path. The influence of adverse survival conditions was analyzed and compared with general evacuation cases. The human factors, including pedestrians’ genders, ages and emotional states were also investigated. The results of this study have resulted in guidance on evacuation planning and procedures and suggestions regarding technical installations in the tunnel, such as way-finding signs, loudspeakers, continuous lights and handrails.
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