Abstract
Abstract Gravity-driven open-channel flows carrying coarse sediment over an erodible granular deposit are studied. Results of laboratory experiments with artificial sediments in a rectangular tilting flume are described and analyzed. Besides integral quantities such as flow rate of mixture, transport concentration of sediment and hydraulic gradient, the experiments include measurements of the one-dimensional velocity distribution across the flow. A vertical profile of the longitudinal component of local velocity is measured across the vertical axis of symmetry of a flume cross section using three independent measuring methods. Due to strong flow stratification, the velocity profile covers regions of very different local concentrations of sediment from virtually zero concentration to the maximum concentration of bed packing. The layered character of the flow results in a velocity distribution which tends to be different in the transport layer above the bed and in the sediment-free region between the top of the transport layer and the water surface. Velocity profiles and integral flow quantities are analyzed with the aim of evaluating the layered structure of the flow and identifying interfaces in the flow with a developed transport layer above the upper plane bed.
Highlights
LAYERED STRUCTURE OF FLOWIntense transport of a bed load develops in flow over a mobile bed if the top of the bed is eroded by high applied shear stress
The first laboratory experiment with layered flow at high bed shear was conducted in a pressurized pipe (Wilson, 1966), and so far a majority of experimental data sets have been collected in laboratory pipes (Matoušek, 2009; Matoušek, 2011; Matoušek et al, 2013; Matoušek and Krupička, 2014; Nnadi and Wilson, 1992; Pugh and Wilson, 1999; Sumer et al, 1996)
In the transport layer itself, the velocity distribution differs from the logarithmic distribution
Summary
LAYERED STRUCTURE OF FLOWIntense transport of a bed load develops in flow over a mobile bed if the top of the bed is eroded by high applied shear stress.
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